350 - Number 350 (Story #1), December 10, 1997 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein
QUANTUM TELEPORTATION has been experimentally demonstrated by physicists at the University of Innsbruck (Anton Zeilinger, 011-43-676-305-8608, anton.zeilinger@ uibk.ac.at; Dik Bouwmeester, Dik.Bouwmeester@uibk.ac.at). First proposed in 1993 by Charles Bennett of IBM (914-945-3118) and his colleagues, quantum teleportation allows physicists to take a photon (or any other quantum-scale particle, such as an atom), and transfer its properties (such as its polarization) to another photon--even if the two photons are on opposite sides of the galaxy. Note that this scheme transports the particle's properties to the remote location and not the particle itself. And as with Star Trek's Captain Kirk, whose body is destroyed at the teleporter and reconstructed at his destination, the state of the original photon must be destroyed to create an exact reconstruction at the other end. In the Innsbruck experiment, the researchers create a pair of photons A and B that are quantum mechanically "entangled": the polarization of each photon is in a fuzzy, undetermined state, yet the two photons have a precisely defined interrelationship. If one photon is later measured to have, say, a horizontal polarization, then the other photon must "collapse" into the complementary state of vertical polarization. In the experiment, one of the entangled photons A arrives at an optical device at the exact time as a "message" photon M whose polarization state is to be teleported. These two photons enter a device where they become indistinguishable, thus effacing our knowledge of M's polarization (the equivalent of destroying Kirk).What the researchers have verified is that by ensuring that M's polarization is complementary to A's, then B's polarization would now have to assume the same value as M's. In other words, although M and B have never been in contact, B has been imprinted with M's polarization value, across the whole galaxy, instantaneously. This does not mean that faster-than-light information transfer has occurred. The people at the sending station must still convey the fact that teleportation had been successful by making a phone call or using some other light-speed or sub-light-speed means of communication. While physicists don't foresee the possibility of teleporting large-scale objects like humans, this scheme will have uses in quantum computing and cryptography. (D. Bouwmeester et al., Nature, 11 Dec 1997; see also image at Physics News Graphics)
353 - Battle of Mons Seleucus: Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius. Constantius II sends Paulus Catena to root out supporters of Magnentius in Roman Britain. Constantius II becomes the sole Roman emperor.
357 - Roman Empire Battle of Strasbourg: Caesar Julian leads Roman forces to victory against the Alemanni near Strasbourg. Constantius II gives Julian supreme command of all military operations in Gaul. Constantius enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnentius and to address the Senate and the people of Rome. The Imperial Library of Constantinople is founded.
Asia The reign of Fu Jin, the emperor of Former Qin, commences in China. The Alans rout the Hun army in Western Asia
371 - the USA law code 371 - If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
The incidence of sulphur (S) deficiency has increased in UK crops in the last 10 years. About a quarter to a third of experiments with grass, cereals and oilseed rape responded to S fertilisers during this period, with yield increases varying from 4 to 327%. The requirements of crops for S are updated and related to the inputs. Optimum rates of fertiliser S for winter oilseed rape are 20-30 kg/ha and 10-20 kg/ha for cereals and grass. Quality issues related to S supply can be either negative or positive. Application of S fertilisers to oilseed rape can lead to glucosinolate contents in the seed which exceed the limit for home-saved seed. On the other hand, the benefit of S on bread-making quality of wheat has now been shown under field conditions in this country. Sulphur may also have a positive influence on the quality of grain legumes and sugar beet. The need to maintain a balance and not oversupply S for crop quality and other environmental reasons is stressed.
Major reactions of S in soil are immobilisation, mobilisation (mineralisation) and leaching. These have major effects on how much S is available in soil for use by crops. Losses due to leaching can be substantial. Many different types of S fertiliser are available, containing several different chemical forms of S. This has important effects on the mode of action of each type. Elemental S-containing fertilisers need to be oxidised before they can be taken up by crops. Progress has been made in understanding the factors affecting the rate of oxidation of elemental S and the groups of organisms responsible for this process in different types of soil. Animal manures contain 5, however, its availability to crops has not been quantified yet.
Methods of predicting whether crops are likely to require S fertilisers include computer modelling, soil tests and plant tissue analysis. A risk assessment model indicates that a significant proportion of the UK is potentially deficient in 5, particularly light and coarse textured soils and that this area will increase in future due to decreased atmospheric emissions. Soil testing has been shown to be useful for crops such as oilseed rape with high S requirements but less reliable for other crops such as cereals. Plant tissue analysis is often made on late vegetative growth and is therefore too late for the current crop. Fe give reliable predictions, a combination of these different approaches needs to be considered, particularly when the aim is to give local site and soil-specific diagnosis.
Because S deficiency is a relatively new phenomenon in this country, there are many gaps in knowledge. Research recommendations to enable a more rational use of sulphur fertilisers are presented.
S P McGrath and F J Zhao, IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK P J A Withers, ADAS Bridgets, Winchester, UK.
388 is a triangular number and the sum of a pair of twin primes (149 + 151), as well as the sum of ten consecutive primes (13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47). It is also a Harshad number.
391 - This is pretty freaky but I was looking for something to do with 391 then an advert came on TV for the sky channel 193 Current TV which goes on about all these different things linked by the number 193 (average number of minutes to diffuse a mine, etc), then I realise 193 is the reverse of 391.
392 - Is some sort of code for a school in New York
A few years ago, District 23 suffered a brain drain, as many top 5th graders deserted the district and enrolled at such middle schools as Philippa Schuyler in District 32 and Mark Twain in District 21. To stem the flow, the district -- now part of Region 5 - created its own middle school for gifted students, IS 392, located on the fourth floor of the popular PS 156. Every school should be so beautiful. A soaring wall of windows overlooks a playground, while a gracious doublewide staircase leads to a gymnasium and dance studio. Well-equipped science labs, a dark room, kiln-filled art studios and equipment for a soon-to-be-set-up recording studio complete the picture.
With just 100 students per grade and studious-looking children wearing the required burgundy and gray outfits, IS 392 is pleasant and well-ordered. The school day is extended by one hour four times weekly, twice for academics, twice for activities like band, art, and journalism. High achievement is expected: tests scoring below 75 need parental signatures and course grades below 80 are considered unacceptable. Grade inflation is unknown: The posted gold honor roll for those with averages above 90 listed only two names.
Many teachers show creativity, among them a popular math teacher who made a math formula out of the day's date. Writing assignments often revolve around subjects of interest to adolescents, such as whether the school cafeteria would be a good venue for the 8th grade prom. (Kids gave an unmistakable thumbs-down to that idea in well-reasoned essays.)
Classes connect art to social studies, so projects are abundant. Children studying slavery made Popsicle-stick models of slave ships complete with tinfoil "shackles." Eighth graders studying the Civil War created paper quilts after learning that slaves would display the patchworks to alert others to such secrets as the arrival of representatives of the Underground Railroad.
There are a half-dozen new teachers and, although sympathetic mentors help them, classroom management is a struggle, as it is for many new to the profession. During our visit a few resorted to tactics such as sending a child to stand in the hallway or yelling at those who failed to line up properly. Others have clearly found their calling. "I'm much more satisfied now...and a lot more tired," said a math teacher who used to work on Wall Street.
Relations between IS 329 and PS 156 are harmonious. "We function as one school community," said Principal Shirley Wheeler, who used to work at the elementary school. Each school has its own cafeteria - something the IS 392 students told us they appreciated - and the building-proud custodian pitches in to monitor the lunchrooms. "We're part of the school family," he told us.
Admissions: Students who score a 3 or 4 on the standardized math and ELA exams are eligible to take an entrance exam. Preference is given to District 23 students and then to other districts in the region. In 2004, 175 students applied for 100 slots in 6th grade, and 80 kids for 15 slots in 7th grade. (This school is featured in New York City's Best Public Middle Schools. Pamela Wheaton, February 2004)
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*Found whilst yo-yoing about in google for the number 393
in the year 394 THE VISIGOTHS chose as their king one of the chiefs named Alaric. He was a brave man and a great soldier. Even when a child he took delight in war, and at the age of sixteen he fought as bravely as the older soldiers.
397- Criterion Collection DVd number 397 is Ivan's Childhood - Andrei Tarkovsky
The debut feature from the great Andrei Tarkovsky, Ivans Childhood is an evocative, poetic journey through the shadows and shards of one boys war-torn youth. Moving back and forth between the traumatic realities of WWII and the serene moments of family life before the conflict began, Tarkovskys film remains one of the most jarring and unforgettable depictions of the impact of violence on children in wartime.
On a day in 399 BC the philosopher Socrates stood before a jury of 500 of his fellow Athenians accused of "refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state" and "of corrupting the youth." If found guilty; his penalty could be death. The trial took place in the heart of the city, the jurors seated on wooden benches surrounded by a crowd of spectators. Socrates' accusers (three Athenian citizens) were allotted three hours to present their case, after which, the philosopher would have three hours to defend himself.
Socrates was 70 years old and familiar to most Athenians. His anti-democratic views had turned many in the city against him. Two of his students, Alcibiades and Critias, had twice briefly overthrown the democratic government of the city, instituting a reign of terror in which thousands of citizens were deprived of their property and either banished from the city or executed
After hearing the arguments of both Socrates and his accusers, the jury was asked to vote on his guilt. Under Athenian law the jurors did not deliberate the point. Instead, each juror registered his judgment by placing a small disk into an urn marked either "guilty" or "not guilty." Socrates was found guilty by a vote of 280 to 220.
The jurors were next asked to determine Socrates' penalty. His accusers argued for the death penalty. Socrates was given the opportunity to suggest his own punishment and could probably have avoided death by recommending exile. Instead, the philosopher initially offered the sarcastic recommendation that he be rewarded for his actions. When pressed for a realistic punishment, he proposed that he be fined a modest sum of money. Faced with the two choices, the jury selected death for Socrates.
The philosopher was taken to the near-by jail where his sentence would be carried out. Athenian law prescribed death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock. Socrates would be his own executioner